My Dear Country Pakistan  ميرا پيارا وطن پاكستان  

 
   Radio Pakistan
  
PAKISTAN                 

          Pakistan is an Islamic Republic (Official name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan) and its capital is Islamabad. Pakistan has four provinces: Baluchistan, Khyber Pukhtun Khuwa, Punjab and Sindh. Their respective capitals are: Quetta, Peshawar, Lahore and Karachi . In addition to these provinces is the Federally Administered Northern Area (FANA), which is divided into the districts of Diamer, Ghanche, Ghizer, Gilgit and Skardu. There are also seven Federally Administered Tribal Areas. (FATA).
     The territory of modern Pakistan was home to several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
        Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of four provinces and four federal territories. It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with a similar variation in its geography and wildlife. A regional and middle power,[12][13] Pakistan has the seventh largest standing armed forces in the world and is a declared nuclear weapons state, being the only nation in the Muslim world, and the second in South Asia, to have that status. It has a semi-industrialised economy which is the 27th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and 47th largest in terms of nominal GDP.

ISLAMABAD       
           It is the purpose-built capital of Pakistan. It lies against the surroundings of the Margalla Hills at the northern end of Pothowar Plateau. The city was built intentionally to serve as the capital city of Pakistan in 1960 by the orders of then President General Ayub Khan. The capital is full of natural terraces and meadows and the southern plain drained by the Kurang River with the Margalla Hills in the north east. 
        Settlement in Islamabad, the new capital after Karachi, began in the 1960s. As the city was newly founded, the growth of the population was slow. Being the seat of the Government of Pakistan, initially government servants and employees of the federal administration settled here. Since then, there has been a steady growth in the population of the city, which has swelled to somewhere in excess of a million inhabitants. The reason: at the moment, the capital city is the fastest growing urban settlement in the country. There is an increased interest in the city from The President and The Prime Minister, as well as a renewed drive from foreign investors to invest in the city. This has caused a growth in the economy, produced employment at all levels and ensured development. Owing to all these factors, Islamabad is now becoming a lively and bustling metropolis, full of vibrancy


 
Quaid-i-Azam
     Father of the Nation Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah's achievement as the founder of Pakistan, dominates everything else he did in his long and crowded public life spanning some 42 years. Yet, by any standard, his was an eventful life, his personality multidimensional and his achievements in other fields were many, if not equally great. Indeed, several were the roles he had played with distinction: at one time or another, he was one of the greatest legal luminaries India had produced during the first half of the century, an `ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity, a great constitutionalist, a distinguished parliamentarian, a top-notch politician, an indefatigable freedom-fighter, a dynamic Muslim leader, a political strategist and, above all one of the great nation-builders of modern times.  What, however, makes him so remarkable is the fact that while similar other leaders assumed the leadership of traditionally well-defined nations and espoused their cause, or led them to freedom, he created a nation out of an inchoate and down-trodeen minority and established a cultural and national home for it. And all that within a decase. For over three decades before the successful culmination in 1947, of the Muslim struggle for freedom in the South-Asian subcontinent, Jinnah had provided political leadership to the Indian Muslims: initially as one of the leaders, but later, since 1947, as the only prominent leader- the Quaid-i-Azam. For over thirty years, he had guided their affairs; he had given expression, coherence and direction to their ligitimate aspirations and cherished dreams; he had formulated these into concerete demands; and, above all, he had striven all the while to get them conceded by both the ruling British and the numerous Hindus the dominant segment of India's population. And for over thirty years he had fought, relentlessly and inexorably, for the inherent rights of the Muslims for an honourable existence in the subcontinent. Indeed, his life story constitutes, as it were, the story of the rebirth of the Muslims of the subcontinent and their spectacular rise to nationhood, phoenixlike.

Allama Muhammad Iqbal 

          Allama Muhammad Iqbal was a famous Muslim poet from the colonial era, a philosopher and thinker of Kashmiri origin. He is one of most outstanding poets, writers, intellectuals and thinkers of modem times. A major Urdu and Persian writer, is a major force behind the creation of Pakistan. He is revered in Pakistan as Muffakir-e-Pakistan (The Thinker of Pakistan) or Shair-i-Mashriq (The Poet of the East). Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) is one of the preeminent writers of the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. Indeed, the attention he has received from numerous writers, translators, and critics from Western as well as Islamic countries testifies to his stature as a world literary figure. While his primary reputation is that of a poet, Iqbal has not lacked admirers for his philosophical thought. He has in fact been called “the most serious Muslim philosophical thinker of modem times.” The frequently used appellation of “poet-philosopher” is thus well deserved. The hyphen in the phrase is all-important: Iqbal’s poetry and philosophy do not exist in isolation from each other; they are integrally related, his poetry serving as a vehicle for his thought. Iqbal wrote poetry in Urdu and Persian, and several collections in each language exist. In the following page a life-sketch of Iqbal is followed by a brief treatment of some of the major themes and literary features of his poetry. Iqbal was born in Sialkot, in the present-day province of the Punjab in Pakistan, in 1877. He received his early education in that city, where one of his teachers was Mir Hasan, an accomplished scholar who commanded a knowledge of several Islamic languages. Mir Hasan gave Iqbal a thorough training in the rich Islamic literary tradition. His influence on Iqbal was formative. Many years later (1922), when the English governor of the Punjab proposed to the British Crown that Iqbal be knighted in acknowledgment of his literary accomplishments, Iqbal asked that Mir Hasan also be awarded a title. To the governor’s remark that Mir Hasan had not authored any books, Iqbal responded that he, Iqbal, was the book Mir Hasan had produced. Mir Hasan received the title of Shams al-’Ulama’ (“Sun of Scholars”).
 For higher education Iqbal went to Lahore (1895), where he enrolled in Government College, getting, in 1899, an MA in philosophy; he had already obtained a degree in law (1898). In Lahore, a major center of academic and literary activity, Iqbal soon made a name for himself as a poet. One of the teachers of Government College Iqbal admired most was Sir Thomas Arnold. Arnold, too, had great affection for Iqbal, he helped Iqbal in his career as a teacher and also encouraged him to undertake several research projects. When Arnold returned to England in 1904, Iqbal wrote a touching poem in which he expressed his resolve to follow Arnold to England. The very next year, in fact, Iqbal left for study at Cambridge. His choice of Cambridge was probably dictated by the fact that Cambridge was reputed for the study not only of European philosophy but also of Arabic and Persian. In his three years of stay abroad, Iqbal obtained a BA from Cambridge (1906), qualified as a barrister at London’s Middle Temple (1906), and earned a PhD from Munich University (1908).

ايک مکڑا اور مکھي
اک دن کسي مکھي سے يہ کہنے لگا مکڑا
اس راہ سے ہوتا ہے گزر روز تمھارا
ليکن مري کٹيا کي نہ جاگي کبھي قسمت
بھولے سے کبھي تم نے يہاں پائوں نہ رکھا
غيروں سے نہ مليے تو کوئي بات نہيں ہے
اپنوں سے مگر چاہيے يوں کھنچ کے نہ رہنا
آئو جو مرے گھر ميں تو عزت ہے يہ ميري
وہ سامنے سيڑھي ہے جو منظور ہو آنا
مکھي نے سني بات جو مکڑے کي تو بولي
حضرت! کسي نادان کو ديجے گا يہ دھوکا
اس جال ميں مکھي کبھي آنے کي نہيں ہے
جو آپ کي سيڑھي پہ چڑھا ، پھر نہيں اترا
مکڑے نے کہا واہ! فريبي مجھے سمجھے
تم سا کوئي نادان زمانے ميں نہ ہو گا
منظور تمھاري مجھے خاطر تھي وگرنہ
کچھ فائدہ اپنا تو مرا اس ميں نہيں تھا
اڑتي ہوئي آئي ہو خدا جانے کہاں سے
ٹھہرو جو مرے گھر ميں تو ہے اس ميں برا کيا!
اس گھر ميں کئي تم کو دکھانے کي ہيں چيزيں
باہر سے نظر آتا ہے چھوٹي سي يہ کٹيا
لٹکے ہوئے دروازوں پہ باريک ہيں پردے
ديواروں کو آئينوں سے ہے ميں نے سجايا
مہمانوں کے آرام کو حاضر ہيں بچھونے
ہر شخص کو ساماں يہ ميسر نہيں ہوتا
مکھي نے کہا خير ، يہ سب ٹھيک ہے ليکن
ميں آپ کے گھر آئوں ، يہ اميد نہ رکھنا
ان نرم بچھونوں سے خدا مجھ کو بچائے
سو جائے کوئي ان پہ تو پھر اٹھ نہيں سکتا
مکڑے نے کہا دل ميں سني بات جو اس کي
پھانسوں اسے کس طرح يہ کم بخت ہے دانا
سو کام خوشامد سے نکلتے ہيں جہاں ميں
ديکھو جسے دنيا ميں خوشامد کا ہے بندا
يہ سوچ کے مکھي سے کہا اس نے بڑي بي !
اللہ نے بخشا ہے بڑا آپ کو رتبا
ہوتي ہے اسے آپ کي صورت سے محبت
ہو جس نے کبھي ايک نظر آپ کو ديکھا
آنکھيں ہيں کہ ہيرے کي چمکتي ہوئي کنياں
سر آپ کا اللہ نے کلغي سے سجايا
يہ حسن ، يہ پوشاک ، يہ خوبي ، يہ صفائي
پھر اس پہ قيامت ہے يہ اڑتے ہوئے گانا
مکھي نے سني جب يہ خوشامد تو پسيجي
بولي کہ نہيں آپ سے مجھ کو کوئي کھٹکا
انکار کي عادت کو سمجھتي ہوں برا ميں
سچ يہ ہے کہ دل توڑنا اچھا نہيں ہوتا
يہ بات کہي اور اڑي اپني جگہ سے
پاس آئي تو مکڑے نے اچھل کر اسے پکڑا
بھوکا تھا کئي روز سے اب ہاتھ جو آئي
آرام سے گھر بيٹھ کے مکھي کو اڑايا

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan 

          Sir Syed Ahmed Khan born on October 17, 1817 at Delhi, and died March 27, 1898 at Aligarh, was a Muslim educator, jurist, and author, founder of the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College at Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. His father, who received an allowance from the Mughal administration, became something of a religious recluse; his maternal grandfather had twice served as prime minister of the Mughal emperor of his time and had also held positions of trust under the East India Company. Sir Syed's brother established one of the first printing presses at Delhi and started one of the earliest newspapers in Urdu.

The death of Sir Syed's father left the family in financial difficulties. For his livelihood, he started his career as a clerk with the East India Company in 1838. He qualified three years later as a sub-judge and served in the judicial department at various places.

Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan

          Nawabzada Liaquat  graduated in 1918 from M. A. O. College, Aligarh. After his graduation, he was offered a job in the Indian Civil Services, but he rejected the offer on the plea that he wanted to serve his nation. He married his cousin, Jehangira Begum in 1918. After his marriage, he went to London for higher education. In 1921, he obtained a Degree in Law from Oxford and was called to Bar at Inner Temple in 1922.
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